Health Literacy Part I: Patient Understanding, Reduces Provider Risk

Health literacy is an essential but often overlooked aspect of a patient’s overall well-being. At its core, health literacy refers to an individual’s ability to access, understand, and use health information to make informed decisions about their health. In today’s complex healthcare environment, these skills are more important than ever, influencing how people navigate medical systems, follow treatment plans, and engage in preventive care.

Low health literacy is a widespread challenge. 

Many people struggle to understand prescription instructions, appointment slips, health brochures, and consent forms. According to studies, nearly one in three adults have difficulty with basic health-related reading and comprehension. This problem is particularly acute among older adults, people with limited education and English as a second language.

The consequences of low health literacy are far-reaching.

People with limited health literacy are less likely to manage chronic diseases effectively, more likely to be hospitalized, and less likely to use preventive measures such as screenings and vaccines. Misunderstandings about medication dosages or medical procedures can lead to serious medical errors, complications, or poor health outcomes. On a larger scale, low health literacy increases healthcare costs for individuals and health systems alike due to unnecessary hospitalizations and inefficient use of resources.

Improving health literacy is a shared responsibility. 

Healthcare professionals play a crucial role by communicating clearly with patients and ensuring that information is understandable. This might involve using everyday language instead of medical jargon, providing written instructions in simple terms, using visual aids, or employing the “teach-back” method—asking patients to repeat information in their own words to confirm understanding. Creating a welcoming environment in which patients feel comfortable asking questions is also vital.

Cultural and linguistic factors also influence health literacy. 

Health information needs to be tailored to consider multiple languages. Providing translation services, culturally and materials in multiple languages can help bridge communication gaps for patients from diverse backgrounds. Using language lines and translation services is an important part of the patient’s encounter, especially when consenting to medical treatment and procedures.

In summary, health literacy is a foundational skill that empowers people to make informed choices, manage their health effectively, and interact wisely with the healthcare system. Addressing health literacy requires coordinated efforts from healthcare providers and patients. By prioritizing clear communication and accessible information, societies can improve individual health outcomes and promote a healthier, more informed population. For more information on health literacy and tools on how to improve health literacy in your practice, contact the Risk Management department at Integris Group.